Chapter 4 covers the physical fundamentals of the air-handling processes, for example, how to construct the Mollier diagram. This chapter describes the basic processes, for example, how to apply the Mollier diagram as a basic tool in heat-exchanger design. The Systems and Equipment volume describes the actual equipment and the associated technical characteristics: heat exchangers […]

The purpose of this chapter is to present the basic features of air-handling processes and equipment. The aim is to provide a link between the basic theories of air-han­dling processes, presented in Chapter 4, and the actual equipment covered in the Systems and Equipment book. This chapter deals with the basic air-handling processes: filtration of […]

8.9.7.1 General Floor heating in industrial premises usually means hot-water pipes placed inside the concrete floor. (Electric coils or electric sheets are also used in non­industrial premises; this is, however, not treated here.) Figure 8.60 shows a typical installation of heatpipes inside the floor. Note that the pipes are placed relatively deep down inside the […]

An alternative to hot air blowers is air jets that mix the hot air into the occu­pational zones. See Fig. 8.59. To avoid generating warmer air layers below the ceiling, air nozzles are utilized to mix the warmer air down into the occupied spaces. This system is well suited for applications where it is important […]

8.9.4.1 Radiant Temperature The idea of radiant heating in an industrial hall is to install local heating panels with a high surface temperature. Because of the high temperature, the proportion of thermal radiation in the heating power from the panel will in­crease drastically. But we must remember that the heating panels will also ra­diate directly […]

The demand of heating energy for an industrial building can be calculated from Eq. (8.25) as Q = T0(t))dt. (8.28) Here t is the time and t1 — t2 the time period under consideration (month, year, etc.). The outdoor temperature T0 now depends on time and the indoor temperature is assumed constant. The quantity m […]

In the stationary state the hear demand <f> for an industrial building is <b = GiAT,-T0) + Cpjp^v^Tj-T0) = (Gh + T,,) . (8.25) "X. ! ‘ V ‘ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ Measured heatin demand / Calcula Ted heating ♦ ♦ Demant N/ ♦ S Heating power demand [kW] f>00 500 400 300 200 […]

Industrial buildings can generally be divided into three classes with regard to their heating: 1. Buildings that are thermally insulated and airtight. These buildings can be heated with a heating system. 2. Buildings without thermal insulation and/or measures against wind flowing through the outer walls. It is too expensive to heat these buildings totally; local […]

In a room with perfect mixing of the air, it theoretically does not matter where the exhaust opening is located (Fig. 8.40). In practice, air seldom mixes as completely as in theory. One reason for this is temperature differences or den­sity differences. The contaminants are often warmer than the room air, and in some cases […]

8.7.S. I Design Requirements for Achieving the Zoning Strategy The aim of the zoning strategy is to have control of temperature, con­centration, or humidity over a certain volume of the room, while the rest of the room is left with less attention. In most cases the accumulation of heat. The key flow elements in the […]