Conversion Tables
|
To Convert |
Into |
Multiply By |
|
Acres |
Square feet |
43,560.0 |
|
Atmospheres |
Centimeters of mercury |
76.0 |
|
Atmospheres |
Feet of water (at 4°C) |
33.90 |
|
Atmospheres |
Inches of mercury (at 0°C) |
29.92 |
|
Atmospheres (atm) |
Kilograms/ square centimeter |
1.0333 |
|
Atmospheres |
Pounds/square inch |
14.70 |
|
Barrels (U. S., liquid) |
Gallons |
31.5 |
|
Barrels (oil) (bbl) |
Gallons (oil) |
42.0 |
|
Btu |
Foot-pounds |
778.3 |
|
Btu |
Gram-calories |
252.0 |
|
Btu |
Horsepower-hour |
3.931 X 10-4 |
|
Btu |
Kilowatt-hours |
2.928 X 10-4 |
|
Btu per hour (Btu/h) |
Horsepower |
3.931 X 10-4 |
|
Btu/h |
Watts |
0.2931 |
|
Calories, gram (mean) |
Btu (mean) |
3.9685 X 10-3 |
|
Degrees centigrade |
Degrees |
(°C + 40) |
|
Or Celsius (°C) |
Fahrenheit |
9/5 — 40 |
|
Centimeters (cm) |
Feet |
3.281 X 10-2 |
|
Centimeters |
Inches |
0.3937 |
|
Centimeters |
Mils |
393.7 |
|
Centimeters of |
Atmospheres |
0.01316 |
|
Mercury (cm Hg) |
||
|
Centimeters of mercury |
Feet of water |
0.4461 |
|
Centimeters of mercury |
Pounds/square inch |
0.1934 |
|
Circumference |
Radians |
6.283 |
|
Cubic centimeters (cm3) |
Cubic feet |
3.531 X 10-5 |
|
Cubic centimeters |
Cubic inches |
0.06102 |
|
Cubic centimeters |
Gallons (U. S. liquid) |
2.642 X 10-4 |
|
Cubic feet (ft3) |
Cubic centimeters |
28,320.0 |
|
Cubic feet |
Cubic inches |
1,728.0 |
|
To Convert |
Into |
Multiply By |
|
Cubic feet |
Gallons (U. S. liquid) |
7.481 |
|
Cubic feet |
Liters |
28.32 |
|
Cubic feet |
Quarts (U. S. liquid) |
29.92 |
|
Cubic feet |
Gallons/second |
0.1247 |
|
Per minute |
||
|
Cubic feet |
Pounds of water/ |
62.43 |
|
Per minute |
Minute |
|
|
Cubic inches (in3) |
Cubic centimeters |
16.39 |
|
Cubic inches |
Gallons |
4.329 X 10-3 |
|
Cubic inches |
Quarts (U. S. liquid) |
0.01732 |
|
Cubic meters |
Cubic feet |
35.31 |
|
Cubic meters |
Gallons (U. S. liquid) |
264.2 |
|
Cubic yards (yd3) |
Cubic feet |
27.0 |
|
Cubic yards |
Cubic meters |
0.7646 |
|
Cubic yards |
Gallons (U. S. liquid) |
202.0 |
|
Degrees (angle) |
Radians |
0.01745 |
|
Drams (apothecaries’ |
Ounces |
0.13714 |
|
Or troy) |
(avoirdupois) |
|
|
Drams (apothecaries’ |
Ounces |
0.125 |
|
Or troy) |
(troy) |
|
|
Drams (U. S., fluid |
Cubic |
3.6967 |
|
Or apothecary) |
Centimeter |
|
|
Drams |
Grams |
1.772 |
|
Drams |
Grains |
27.3437 |
|
Drams |
Ounces |
0.0625 |
|
Degrees Fahrenheit |
Degrees |
(°F + 40) |
|
(°F) |
Centigrade |
5/9 — 40 |
|
Feet (ft) |
Centimeters |
30.48 |
|
Feet |
Kilometers |
3.048 X 10-4 |
|
Feet |
Meters |
0.3048 |
|
Feet |
Miles (nautical) |
1.645 X 10-4 |
|
Feet |
Miles (statute) |
1.894 X 10-4 |
|
Feet of water |
Atmospheres |
0.02950 |
|
(ft H2O) |
||
|
Feet of water |
Inches of mercury |
0.8826 |
|
Feet of water |
Kilograms/ square centimeter |
0.03045 |
|
Feet of water |
Kilograms/ square meter |
304.8 |
|
Feet of water |
Pounds/square foot |
62.43 |
|
Feet of water |
Pounds/square inch |
0.4335 |
|
Foot-pounds (ft-lb) |
Btu |
1.286 X 10-3 |
|
Foot-pounds |
Gram-calories |
0.3238 |
|
Foot-pounds |
Horsepower-hours |
5.050 X 10-7 |
|
Foot-pounds |
Kilowatt-hours |
3.766 X 10-7 |
|
Foot-pounds/minute |
Btu/ |
1.286 X 10-3 |
|
(ft-lb/min) |
Minute |
|
|
Foot-pounds/minute |
Horsepower |
3.030 X 10-5 |
|
Foot-pounds/second |
Btu per hour |
4.6263 |
|
(ft-lb/sec) |
||
|
Furlongs |
Miles (U. S.) |
0.125 |
|
Furlongs |
Feet |
660.0 |
|
Gallons (gal) |
Cubic centimeter |
3,785.0 |
|
Gallons |
Cubic feet |
0.1337 |
|
Gallons |
Cubic inches |
231.0 |
|
Gallons |
Cubic meters |
3.785 X 10-3 |
|
Gallons |
Cubic yards |
4.951 X 10-3 |
|
Gallons |
Liters |
3.785 |
|
Gallons (British |
Gallons (U. S. liquid) |
1.20095 |
|
Imperial liquid) |
||
|
Gallons (U. S.) |
Gallons (Imperial) |
0.83267 |
|
Gallons of water |
Pounds of water |
8.3453 |
|
Gallons per minute |
Cubic feet/ |
2.228 X 10-3 |
|
(gal/min, gpm) |
Second |
|
|
Gallons per minute |
Liters/second |
0.06308 |
|
Gallons per minute |
Cubic feet/hour |
8.0208 |
|
Grains (troy) (gr) |
Grains (avdp.) |
1.0 |
|
Grains (troy) |
Grams |
0.06480 |
|
Grains (troy) |
Ounces (avdp.) |
2.286 X 10-3 |
|
Grains (troy) |
Pennyweight (troy) |
0.04167 |
|
Grains per |
Parts/million |
17.118 |
|
U. S. gallon |
||
|
Grains per |
Pounds/ |
|
|
U. S. gallon |
Million gallons |
142.86 |
|
Grains oer |
Parts/million |
14.286 |
|
Imperial gallon |
|
To Convert |
Into |
Multiply By |
|
Grams (g) |
Grains |
15.43 |
|
Grams |
Ounces (avdp.) |
0.03527 |
|
Grams |
Ounces (troy) |
.03215 |
|
Grams |
Poundals |
0.07093 |
|
Grams |
Pounds |
2.205 X 10-3 |
|
Grams per liter (g/L) |
Parts/million |
1,000.0 |
|
Gram-calories (g-cal) |
Btu |
3.9683 X 10-3 |
|
Gram-calories |
Foot-pounds |
3.0880 |
|
Gram-calories |
Kilowatt-hour |
1.1630 X 10-6 |
|
Gram-calories |
Watt-hour |
1.1630 X 10-3 |
|
Horsepower (hp) |
Btu/minute |
42.40 |
|
Horsepower |
Foot-pounds/minute |
33,000.0 |
|
Horsepower |
Foot-pounds/second |
550.0 |
|
Horsepower (metric) |
Horsepower |
|
|
(542.5 ft-lb/sec) |
(550 ft-lb/sec) |
0.9863 |
|
Horsepower |
Horsepower (metric) |
|
|
(550 ft-lb/sec) |
(542.5 ft-lb/sec) |
1.014 |
|
Horsepower |
Kilowatts |
0.7457 |
|
Horsepower |
Watts |
745.7 |
|
Horsepower (boiler) |
Btu/hour |
33.520 |
|
Horsepower (boiler) |
Kilowatts |
9.803 |
|
Horsepower-hour (hp-hr) |
Btu |
2,547 |
|
Horsepower-hour |
Foot-pounds |
1.98 X 106 |
|
Horsepower-hour |
Kilowatt-hours |
0.7457 |
|
Inches (in) |
Centimeters |
2.540 |
|
Inches |
Meters |
25.40 |
|
Inches |
Millimeters |
2.540 X 10-2 |
|
Inches |
Yards |
22.778 X 10-2 |
|
Inches of mercury (in Hg) |
Atmospheres |
0.03342 |
|
Inches of mercury |
Feet of water |
1.133 |
|
Inches of mercury |
Kilograms/ square centimeters |
0.03453 |
|
Inches of mercury |
Kilograms/ square meter |
345.3 |
|
Inches of mercury |
Pounds/square foot |
70.73 |
|
Inches of mercury |
Pounds/square inch |
0.4912 |
|
Inches of water |
Atmospheres |
2.458 X 10-3 |
|
(at 4°C) (in H2O, |
||
|
In wg, in W. C.) |
||
|
Inches of water |
Inches of |
0.07355 |
|
(at 4°C) |
Mercury |
|
|
Inches of water |
Kilograms/ |
2.538 X 10-3 |
|
(at 4°C) |
Square centimeter |
|
|
Inches of water |
Ounces/ |
0.5781 |
|
(at 4°C) |
Square inch |
|
|
Inches of water |
Pounds/ |
5.204 |
|
(at 4°C) |
Square foot |
|
|
Inches of water |
Pounds/ |
0.03613 |
|
(at 4°C) |
Square inch |
|
|
Joules (J) |
Btu |
9.480 X 10-4 |
|
Kilograms (kg) |
Grams |
1,000.0 |
|
Kilograms |
Pounds |
2.205 |
|
Kilograms per |
Pounds/ |
0.06243 |
|
Cubic meter (kg/m3) |
Cubic foot |
|
|
Kilograms per |
Pounds/ |
3.613 X 10-5 |
|
Cubic meter |
Cubic inch |
|
|
Kilograms per square |
Atmospheres |
0.9678 |
|
Centimeter (kg/cm2) |
||
|
Kilograms per |
Feet of water |
32.84 |
|
Square centimeter |
||
|
Kilograms per |
Inches of mercury |
28.96 |
|
Square centimeter |
||
|
Kilograms per |
Pounds/ |
2,048.0 |
|
Square centimeter |
Square foot |
|
|
Kilograms per |
Pounds/ |
14.22 |
|
Square centimeter |
Square inch |
|
|
Kilograms per |
Atmospheres |
9.678 X 10-5 |
|
Square meter (kg/m2) |
||
|
Kilograms per |
Feet of water |
3.281 X 10-3 |
|
Square meter |
||
|
Kilograms per |
Inches of |
2.896 X 10-3 |
|
Square meter |
Mercury |
|
To Convert |
Into |
Multiply By |
|
Kilograms per |
Pounds/ |
0.2048 |
|
Square meter |
Square foot |
|
|
Kilograms per |
Pounds/ |
1.422 X 10- |
|
Square meter |
Square inch |
|
|
Kilograms per |
Kilograms/ |
106 |
|
Square millimeter |
Square meter |
|
|
Kilogram-calories |
Btu |
3.968 |
|
Kilogram-calories |
Foot-pounds |
3,088.0 |
|
Kilogram-calories |
Horsepower-hour |
1.560 X 10- |
|
Kilogram-calories |
Kilowatt-hour |
1.163 X 10- |
|
Kilogram meters |
Btu |
9.294 X 10- |
|
Kilometers |
Centimeters |
105 |
|
Kilometers |
Feet |
3,281.0 |
|
Kilometers |
Miles |
0.6214 |
|
Kilowatts |
Btu/minute |
56.87 |
|
Kilowatts |
Foot-pounds/minute |
4.426 X 104 |
|
Kilowatts |
Foot-pounds/second |
737.6 |
|
Kilowatts |
Horsepower |
1,341.0 |
|
Kilowatts |
Watts |
1,000.0 |
|
Kilowatt-hour |
Btu |
3,413.0 |
|
Kilowatt-hour |
Foot-pounds |
2.655 X 106 |
|
Kilowatt-hour |
Horsepower-hour |
1,341 |
|
Knots |
Statute miles/hour |
1.151 |
|
Liters (L) |
Cubic centimeters |
1,000.0 |
|
Liters |
Cubic feet |
0.03531 |
|
Liters |
Cubic inches |
61.02 |
|
Liters |
Gallons (U. S. liquid) |
0.2642 |
|
Meters (m) |
Centimeters |
100.0 |
|
Meters |
Feet |
3.281 |
|
Meters |
Inches |
39.37 |
|
Meters |
Millimeters |
1,000.0 |
|
Meters |
Yards |
1.094 |
|
Microns (^, ^m) |
Inches |
39.37 X 10- |
|
Microns |
Meters |
1 X 10-6 |
|
Miles (statute) (mi) |
Feet |
5,280.0 |
|
Miles (statute) |
Kilometers |
1.609 |
|
Miles per hour |
Centimeters/second |
44.70 |
|
(mi/hr, mph) |
|
Miles per hour |
Feet/minute |
88.0 |
|
Mils |
Inches |
0.001 |
|
Mils |
Yards |
2.778 X 10-5 |
|
Nepers |
Decibels |
8.686 |
|
Ohms (w) |
Megohms |
10-6 |
|
Ohms |
Microhms |
106 |
|
Ounces (avoirdupois) (oz) |
Drams |
16.0 |
|
Ounces (avoirdupois) |
Grains |
437.5 |
|
Ounces (avoirdupois) |
Grams |
28.35 |
|
Ounces (avoirdupois) |
Pounds |
0.0625 |
|
Ounces (avoirdupois) |
Ounces (troy) |
0.9115 |
|
Ounces (troy) |
Grains |
480.0 |
|
Ounces (troy) |
Grams |
31.10 |
|
Ounces (troy) |
Ounces (avdp.) |
1.09714 |
|
Ounces (troy) |
Pounds (troy) |
0.08333 |
|
Parts per million |
Grains/ |
0.0584 |
|
(ppm) |
U. S. gallon |
|
|
Parts per million |
Grains/ Imperial gallon |
0.07016 |
|
Parts per million |
Pounds/ million gallons |
8.33 |
|
Pounds |
Ounces (troy) |
14.58 |
|
(avoirdupois) (lb) |
||
|
Pounds (avoirdupois) |
Drams |
256.0 |
|
Pounds (avoirdupois) |
Grains |
7,000.0 |
|
Pounds (avoirdupois) |
Grams |
28.35 |
|
Pounds (avoirdupois) |
Kilograms |
0.02835 |
|
Pounds (avoirdupois) |
Ounces |
16.0 |
|
Pounds (avoirdupois) |
Tons (short) |
0.0005 |
|
Pounds (troy) |
Ounces (avdp.) |
13.1657 |
|
Pounds of water |
Cubic feet |
0.01602 |
|
Pounds of water |
Cubic inches |
27.68 |
|
Pounds of water |
Gallons |
0.1198 |
|
Pounds of water |
Cubic feet/ |
2.670 X 10-4 |
|
Per minute |
Second |
|
|
Pounds per cubic |
Kilogram/ |
0.01602 |
|
Foot (lb/ft3) |
Cubic meter |
|
|
Pounds per |
Grams/ |
16.02 |
|
Cubic foot |
Cubic centimeter |
|
To Convert |
Into |
Multiply By |
|
Pounds per |
Pounds/ |
5.787 X 10~4 |
|
Cubic foot |
Cubic inch |
|
|
Pounds per |
Pounds/ |
1.728.0 |
|
Cubic inch |
Cubic foot |
|
|
Pounds per |
Atmospheres |
4.725 X 10-4 |
|
Square foot (lb/ft2) |
||
|
Pounds per |
Feet |
0.01602 |
|
Square foot |
Of water |
|
|
Pounds per |
Inches of |
0.01414 |
|
Square foot |
Mercury |
|
|
Pounds per square |
Atmospheres |
0.06804 |
|
Inch (lb/in2, psi) |
||
|
Pounds per |
Feet of |
2.307 |
|
Square inch |
Water |
|
|
Pounds per |
Inches of |
2.036 |
|
Square inch |
Mercury |
|
|
Pounds per |
Kilograms/ |
703.1 |
|
Square inch |
Square meter |
|
|
Pounds per |
Pounds/ |
144.0 |
|
Square inch |
Square foot |
|
|
Radians |
Degrees |
57.30 |
|
Revolutions per |
Degrees/ |
6.0 |
|
Minute (rpm) |
Second |
|
|
Revolutions per |
Radians/ |
0.1047 |
|
Minute |
Second |
|
|
Revolutions |
Revolutions/ |
0.01667 |
|
Per minute |
Second |
|
|
Square centimeters |
Square feet |
1.076 X 10-3 |
|
(cm2) |
||
|
Square centimeters |
Square inches |
0.1550 |
|
Square centimeters |
Square meters |
0.0001 |
|
Square centimeters |
Square millimeters |
100.0 |
|
Square feet (ft2) |
Acres |
2.296 X 10-5 |
|
Square feet |
Square centimeters |
929.03 |
|
Square feet |
Square inches |
144.0 |
|
Square feet |
Square miles |
3.587 X 10-8 |
|
Square inches (in2) |
Square centimeters |
6.452 |
|
Square inches |
Square feet |
6.944 X 10-3 |
|
Square inches |
Square yards |
7.716 X 10-4 |
|
Square meters |
Square feet |
10.76 |
|
Square meters |
Square inches |
1,550.0 |
|
Square meters |
Square millimeters |
106 |
|
Square meters |
Square yards |
1.196 |
|
Square millimeters |
Square inches |
1.550 X 10-3 |
|
(mm2) |
||
|
Square yards (yd2) |
Square feet |
9.0 |
|
Square yards |
Square inches |
1,296.0 |
|
Square yards |
Square meters |
0.8361 |
|
Temperature (°C) |
Absolute temperature |
1.0 |
|
+ 273.15 |
(kelvins or °C) |
|
|
Temperature (°C) |
Temperature (°F) |
1.8 |
|
+ 17.78 |
||
|
Temperature (°F) |
Absolute temperature |
1.0 |
|
+ 459.67 |
(°Rankine) |
|
|
Temperature (°F) |
Temperature (°C) |
5/9 |
|
— 32 |
||
|
Tons (long) |
Kilograms |
1,016.0 |
|
Tons (long) |
Pounds |
2,240.0 |
|
Tons (long) |
Tons (short) |
1.120 |
|
Tons (metric) |
Kilograms |
1,000.0 |
|
Tons (metric) |
Pounds |
2,205.0 |
|
Tons (short) |
Kilograms |
907.2 |
|
Tons (short) |
Pounds |
2,000.0 |
|
Tons (short) |
Tons (long) |
0.89287 |
|
Tons of water |
Pounds of |
83.333 |
|
Per 24 hours |
Water/hour |
|
|
Tons of water |
Gallons/minute |
0.16643 |
|
Per 24 hours |
||
|
Tons of water |
Cubic feet/hour |
1.3349 |
|
Per 24 hours |
||
|
Watts (W) |
Btu/h |
3.4129 |
|
Watts |
Btu/minute |
0.05688 |
|
Watts |
Horsepower |
1.341 X 10-3 |
|
Watts |
Horsepower (metric) |
1.360 X 10-3 |
|
Watts |
Kilowatts |
0.001 |
|
Watts (abs.) |
Btu (mean)/minute |
0.056884 |
|
Watt-hours |
Btu |
3.413 |
|
Watt-hours |
Horsepower-hours |
1.341 X 10-3 |
|
Yards (yd) |
Centimeters |
91.44 |
|
Yards |
Kilometers |
9.144 X 10-4 |
|
Yards |
Meters |
0.9144 |
[1]/8 in 50 —
V2 in 50 —
34 0.80
Y4 in 34 —
3/8 in 34 —
V2 in 34 —
3/4 in —————-
Figure 4-4 Residential heat loss tabulation form. (Courtesy Amaru Refrigeration, Inc.)
[3] Shortened blower motor life caused by high air temperatures from the wood furnace.
[4] Construction design
[5] Install the V2-in tee (with long and short nipples) on the float chamber by inserting the short nipple in the float chamber tapping in the end opposite the switch. Screw the tee tight with the long nipple pointing in the correct direction, depending on the location of the boiler (Figure 15-26).
[6] Place split brick A on the ashpit floor to form the floor of the combustion chamber.
[7] Loads based on Schedule 40 pipe for pressures up to and including 250 psig and on Schedule 80 pipe for pressures above 250 psig. aFor outdoor temperature of 0°F, multiply load value in table for each main size by correction factor corresponding to steam pressure. Courtesy Sarco Company; Inc.
[8]Chart loads represent losses due to radiation and convection for saturated steam.
AFor outdoor temperature of 0°F, multiply load value in table for each main size by correction factor corresponding to steam pressure. Courtesy Sarco Company; Inc.
[9]150-lb. bronze flanges have plain faces with two concentric gasket-retaining grooves between the port and the bolt holes.
[10]600-lb. steel flanges have a 1U" raised face, which is NOT included in the flange dimensions.
[11]400-lb. steel flanges have a 1U" raised face, which is NOT included in the flange dimensions.
[12]150-lb. steel flanges have a Vis" raised face, which is included in the flange thickness dimensions.
[13]These clearances apply except if the listing of an appliance specifies different clearances, in which case the listed clearance takes precedence. a! f listed Type L venting-system piping is used, the clearance may be in accordance with the venting-system listing.
If listed Type B or Type L venting-system piping is used, the clearance may be in accordance with the venting-system listing.
The clearances from connectors to combustible materials may be reduced if the combustible material is protected in accordance with Table 1C.
[14]Rooms that are large in comparison to the size of the appliance are those having a volume equal to at least 12 times the total volume of a furnace and at least 16 times the total volume of a boiler. If the actual ceiling height of a room is greater than 8 ft, the
Volume of a room shall be figured on the basis of a ceiling height of 8 ft.
AThe minimum dimension should be that necessary for servicing the appliance including access for cleaning and normal care, tube removal, etc.
BFor a listed oil, combination gas-oil, gas, or electric furnace, this dimension may be 2 in if the furnace limit control cannot be set
Higher than 250°F or 1 in if the limit control cannot be set higher than 200°F.
Courtesy National Oil Fuel Institute
[15]If the appliance is encased in brick, the 18 in clearance above and at sides and rear may be reduced to not less than 12 in Courtesy National Oil Fuel Institute
Posted in Audel HVAC Fundamentals Volume 1 Heating Systems, Furnaces, and Boilers